Second, we detail the effect estrogen has on viral infection and host infection response, including its role in both the regulation of key viral receptor expression and the mediation of inflammatory activity. First, we aim to summarize the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection pathway and the roles both the virus and patient play in COVID‐19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) progression, clinical symptomatology, and mortality. Therefore, the objectives of this work are threefold. Previous studies with coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) point to gender differences in infection and disease progression with increased susceptibility in male patients, indicating that estrogens may be associated with physiological protection against the coronavirus. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has provoked major stresses on the health‐care systems of several countries, and caused the death of more than a quarter of a million people globally, mainly in the elderly population with preexisting pathologies.
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